Improving Outdoor Thermal Comfort in a Steppe Climate: Effect of Water and Trees in an Urban Park

Excess heat in urban environments is an increasing threat to human health and well-being. Furthermore, the increasingly important phenomenon of Urban Heat Island (UHI) exacerbating problems livability centers. Hence, there should be effort assess impact mitigation strategies (HMSs) on outdoor thermal comfort cities. This research has investigated how areas steppe climate zones can more thermally comfortable due effects water bodies trees, this might help mitigate waves. Numerical simulations using ENVI-met microclimate model have been performed for park Tabriz, Iran. In-situ measurements air temperature (Ta) mean radiant (MRT) carried out study site collected data was used validate (RMSE value 0.98 °C Ta 5.85 MRT). Results show that body evaporation without trees may decrease temperature, but other hand also increases humidity, which reduces positive comfort. However, combination with represents a better performance regulation